REFERENCES :

[1] Chao Jiping and Zhang Li, 1998: Responding characteristics of different regions over the tropical oceans to relaxation of the trade winds—A contribution to El Niño events studies, Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 22, (in Chinese).

[2] Chen Guiying, 1998: Review of the forecast about the drought and flood trend in water flood in 1997, Review on climate prediction, National Climate Center, Beijing, 5p, (in Chinese).

[3] Chen Lieting, 1974: The circulation character of the worldwide anomalous weather in the summer of 1972 and the relation between it and SST, Chinese J. Sci. 8, 372-375(in Chinese).

[4] Chen Lieting, 1977: The influences of anomalous SST in the equatorial East Pacific on the tropical circulation and the precipitation in Chinese flood season, Chinese J. Atmos. Sci. , 1, 1-12(in Chinese).

[5] Chen Jiaqi et al. 1998: Climate change during the last 2000 years in Jiangsu Province, Scientia Geographica Sinica, 18(3): 219-226 (in Chinese).

[6] Fu Yunfei, Huang Ronghui, 1996: The impacts of the anomalous west wind in the tropical Pacific on ENSO events, Chinese J. Atmos. Sci, Num.20, 6, (in Chinese)

[7] Fu Yunfei, Huang Ronghui, 1997: The impacts of the anomalous activities of the west wind in East Asia on the burst of the west wind in the tropical West Pacific and the ENSO event, Chinese J. Atmos. Sci, Num. 21, 4(in Chinese).

[8] Gao and Zhao, 1997: Climatic simulations of the Northern Hemisphere / China and the experiment and inspection of flood period prediction in 1996, Quart. J. Appl. Meteor. (China), 8: 145-153 (in Chinese).

[9] Gong Daoyi and Wang Shaowu, 1998: Relations between ENSO events and seasonal precipitation in China, Climate Newsletter, ed. By National Climate Center, 1: 9-12 (in Chinese).

[10] Huang Ronghui and Wu Yefeng, 1989: The influence of ENSO on the summer climate change in China and its mechanisms, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 6, 21-32.

[11] Huang Ronghui, Fu Yunfei and Zang Xiaoyun, 1996: Asian monsoon and ENSO cycle interaction, Climate and Environmental Research, 1, 38-54 (in Chinese).

[12] Huang Ronghui and Zhang Renhe, 1997: A diagnostic study on interaction processes between the ENSO cycle and monsoon circulation in East Asia, Memorial Papers to Professor Jeou-Jang Jaw, Edited by Ye D. Z., Science Press, 93-109 (in Chinese).

[13] Huang Ronghui et al, 1998: The westerly anomalies over the tropical Pacific and their dynamical effect on ENSO cycles during 1980-1994, Adv. Atmos. Sci,. 15, 135-151.

[14] Li Chongying, 1987: The research of El Niño events' impact on the activities of typhoons in the West Pacific, Chinese J. of Meteorology, 2,

[15] Li Chongyin, 1988: Frequent activities of stronger aerotroughs in East Asia wintertime and occurrence of the El Niño event, Science in China (Series B) ,31, 976-985.

[16] Li Chongyin, 1989: The relation between El Niño and the warm winter in the east of China, Chinese J. of Sciences, 34,283—286.

[17] Li Chongyin, 1990: Interaction between anomalous winter monsoon in East Asia and El Niño events,Adv. in Atmos.Sci.,7,36—46.

[18] Li Chongyin, 1995a: Introduction to Climate Dynamics, China Meteorological Press, Beijing, 461p. (in Chinese).

[19] Li Chongyin, 1995b: Westerly wind anomalies over the equatorial western Pacific and Asian winter monsoon, Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on the TOGA Programme, WCRP-91, WMO / TD No.717, 260-264.

[20] Li Chongyin, 1996a: ENSO cycle and anomalies of winter monsoon in East Asia, Workshop on El Niño / Southern oscillation and monsoon, SMR / 930-18, ICTP, Trieste, Italy, 15-26 July.

[21] Li Chongyin, 1996b: A further study on interaction between anomalous winter monsoon in East Asia and El Niño, Acta Meteor. Sinica., 10, 309-320.

[22] Li Chongyin, 1997: A further study on the strong winter monsoon in East Asia exciting the El Niño event, Climate Variability and Impact in China, China Meteorological Press, Beijing, pp.207-218 (in Chinese).

[23] Li Chongyin and Hu Ji, 1987: An analysis of the interaction between the general circulation in the atmosphere over East Asia / northwest Pacific and El Niño, Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 11, 411-419.

[24] Li Chongyin and Huang Ronghui, 1999: On interaction between ENSO and East-Asian Monsoon, NATIONAL REPORT (1995-1998) on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, China Meteorological Press, Beijing, 68p.

[25] Li Chongyin and Li Guilong, 1995: Kinetic energy transfer of tropical atmospheric systems associated with the occurrence of El Niño event, Chinese J. of Sciences, 40,1886—1869.

[26] Li Chongyin and Li Guilong, 1995: Kinetic energy transfer of tropical atmospheric systems associated with the occurrence of El Niño event, Proceedings of the Second International Study Conference on GEWEX in Asia and GAME, 87-90, Pattaya, Thailand, 6-10 March, 1995.

[27] Li Chongyin and Liao Qinghai, 1998: Exciting mechanism of tropical intraseasonal oscillation for the El Niño event, J. Tropical Meteorology, 4, No.3 (in Chinese).

[28] Li Chongyin and Mu Mingquan, 1998: Numerical simulations of anomalous winter monsoon in East Asia exciting ENSO, Chinese J. Atmos. Sci. ,22, No.4.

[29] Li Chongyin and Huang Ronghui, 1999: On interaction between ENSO and East-Asian Monsoon, NATIONAL REPORT (1995-1998) on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, China Meteorological Press, Beijing, 68p.

[30] Li Chongyin and Zhou Yaping, (1994): Relationship between intraseasonal oscillation in the tropical atmosphere and ENSO, Chinese J. Geophys. , 37, 213-223.

[31] Li Chongying, 1986: The relation between El Niño and the typhoon activities in the South China Sea, Chinese J. Tropical Meteor. 2, 117-123 (in Chinese).

[32] Li Chongying, Hu Ji, 1987: The research on the interaction between the atmospheric circulation of East Asia and El Niño, Chinese J. Atmos. Sci, 4, 359-364 (in Chinese).

[33] Li Guilong and Li Chongyin, 1998a: Activities of low-frequency waves in the tropical atmosphere and ENSO, Adv. Atmos. Sci. , 22, No. 4.

[34] Li Guilong and Li Chongyin, 1998b: Activity of atmospheric intraseasonal oscillation and El Niño, J. Tropical Meteorology, 4, 54-62 (in Chinese).

[35] Li Maicun, Wu Yifang and Huang Jiayou, 1987: The relation between monsoon precipitation in the south of China and the SST in the equatorial Pacific, Chinese J. Atmos. Sci, , 11, 365-371(in Chinese).

[36] Li Qingquan, Ding Yihui and Zhao Zongci, 1997: Numerical simulations on El Niño events during 1991-1995, Quart. J. Appl. Meteor. (China),8: 191-200 (in Chinese).

[37] Li Qingquan, Ai Wanxiu, Zhao Zongci and Ding Yihui, 1998: Predictions and analyses of 1997-1998 ENSO, Climate Newsletter, ed. By National Climate Center, 39-40 (in Chinese).

[38] Li Qingquan, Zhao Zongci , Zhang Zuqiang, Zhang Qin and Yi Lan , 1998: Predictions of SSTA over the tropical Pacific Ocean in 1998 by the simple dynamic models, Review on Climate Prediction, ed. By National Climate Center, 83-84 (in Chinese).

[39] Li Xu and Yuan Chongguang, 1998: Prediction of summer rainfall in 1998, Review on Climate Prediction, ed. By National Climate Center, 28-29 (in Chinese).

[40] Lü Jiong, 1950: The relation between the temperature of seawater and floods or droughts, Chinese J. Meteor, 27, 1-4 (in Chinese).

[41] National Climate Center, 1997-1998: Brief of ENSO Observation, Beijing (in Chinese).

[42] National Climate Center, 1997: Forecast of Drought and Flood in Flood Season, Beijing (in Chinese).

[43] National Climate Center, 1997: The first complementary suggestion about the 1997 forecast of drought and flood in flood season in China, Report about Crucial Climate, (Vol. 1), Beijing, (in Chinese).

[44] National Climate Center, 1997: 1997 summer (July-August) forecast of drought and flood in flood season in China (the second complementary suggestion), Report about Crucial Climate, (Vol. 3), Beijing (in Chinese).

[45] Ni Yunqi, S.E. Zebiak, M.A. Cane, L. Marx, And J. Shukla, 1998: Experimental El Niño predictions with a hybird coupled Ocean-atmosphere model, Scientia Atmospherica Sinica, 22: 265-273 (in Chinese).

[46] Nu Jiong, 1932: Die grosse Uberschwemmung des Jangtsegebietes im Juli 1931. Metero. Zt. Bd. 49, Heft 6, s. 234-237.

[47] Qian Yun, Qian Yongfu and Zhang Yaoqun, 1998: Study on scenarios and mechanism of the regional climate change of East Asia in the last IceAge, Scientia Atmospherica Sinica, 22: 283-293 (in Chinese).

[48] Qian Weihong and Wang Shaowu, 1997: Multiple time-space atmosphere-ocean interactions and improvement of Zebiak-Cane model, Science in China, 40: 577-583.

[49] Qian Weihong, Wang Shaowu, Chen Zhenhua and Zhou Jinhong, 1997: Predictions in 1997 summer, Review on Climate Prediction, ed. By National Climate Center, 33-34 (in Chinese).

[50] Tao Shiyan and Zhang Qingyun , 1998: Response of the Asian winter and summer monsoon to ENSO events, Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 22, No. 4.

[51] Tu Changwang, 1937: On the relation between the great flood of 1931, the drought of 1934 and the Center of Action in the Far East, Memoir of Inst. of Meteor., 10, 35-49.

[52] Tu Changwang and Niu Tianren, 1950: Summer Flood and Drought in the Lower Yangtze Valley, Journal of the Chinese Geophysical Science, Vol.2, No.1, 27-39.

[53] Wang Yaping and Wang Xiaoying, 1998: El Niño--a phenomenon cleaning-out whole earth, China Hundred Flower Literature Press.

[54] Wang Shaowu, Zhu Hong, 1985: The relation between the low temperature in East Asia and El Niño, Chinese J. Sci. 17, 1323-1325(in Chinese).

[55] Wang Shaowu, 1980: The interaction between ocean and atmosphere in winter semiyear, Chinese J. Ocean, 2, (in Chinese).

[56] Zhai Panmao and Ren Fumin, 1997: On changes of China's maximum and minimum temperatures in the recent 40 years, Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 55(4): 418-429 (in Chinese).

[57] Zhai Panmao, Zhou Qinfang Chen Qianjin and Sun Anjian, 1997: Predictions of SSTA over Equatorial Eastern Pacific Ocean in 1997, Review on Climate Prediction, ed. By National Climate Center, 87-88 (in Chinese).

[58] Zhang, B. and J. Pan, 1995: Forecasts of tropical Pacific SST anomalies using a statistical EOF iteration model, Experimental Long Lead Forecast Bulletin, ed. By NCAEP NOAA, 4, 4, 36-38.

[59] Zhang Renhe and Huang Ronghui,1998: Dynamic role of zonal wind stresses over the tropical Pacific on the occurring and vanishing of El Niño, PartⅠDiagnostic and theoretical analyses, Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 22, No. 4 (in Chinese).

[60] Zhang Renhe, Sumi, A. and Kimoro, M., 1996: Impact of El Niño on the East Asian Monsoon, A diagnostic study of the 86/87and 92 events, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 74, 49-62.

[61] Zhao Qigeng, Shen Wenhai and Peng Shuying, 1996: A 20-level global model and its primary experimental results, China Short Term Climate Modeling and Prediction Research (Ed. By Zhao Zongci), 59-71, China Meteorological Press, Beijing (in Chinese).

[62] Zhao Qigeng, Shen Wenhai and Peng Shuying, 1997: A numerical simulation on El Niño and oceanic circulation, Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology, 8 (Suppl.): 183-190 (in Chinese).

[63] Zhao Qigeng, Shen Wenhai and Peng Shuying, 1998: The response of sea temperature interannual variations to sea surface wind stress and its sensitivity experiments, Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology, 9: 48-58(In Chinese).

[64] Zhao Qigeng, Song Yongjia and Peng Shuiying, 1997: Prediction of SSTA over the tropical Pacific Ocean by a hybrid model, Review on Climate Prediction, ed. By National Climate Center, 68-89 (in Chinese).

[65] Zhao Qigeng, Song Yongjia and Peng Shuiying, 1997: Numerical simulation on El Niño and ocean circulation, Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology, (China): 183-190 (in Chinese).

[66] Zhao Qigeng, Song Yongjia and Peng Shuiying, 1998: Prediction of SSTA over the tropical Pacific Ocean in 1998 by a hybrid model, Review on Climate Prediction, ed. By National Climate Center, 85-86 (in Chinese).

[67] Zhao Zhengguo, 1997: The elementary analysis of main factors influencing flood and drought in the Chinese flood-season, Review on climate prediction, National Climate Center, Beijing, 107p (in Chinese).

[68] Zhao Zhengguo, 1996: The influence of the El Niño event on the circulation of the Northern Hemisphere and the precipitation of China, Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 20, No.4 (in Chinese).

[69] Zhao Zhengguo, Chen Guozhen, Wang Yongguang and Liu Haipo, 1998: Influences of ENSO events on atmospheric circulation and climate over China, Climate Newsletter, ed. By National Climate Center, 1: 1-8 (in Chinese).

[70] Zhao Zongci, 1998: Relationships between ENSO and summer rainfall over China, Climate Newsletter. ed. by National Climate Center, 1: 20-22 (in Chinese).

[71] Zhao Zongci, Li Qingquan, Zhang Qin and Ding Yihui, 1997: Predictions of ENSO events in 1997 by a simple dynamic model, Review on Climate Prediction, ed. By National Climate Center, 65-67 (in Chinese).

[72] Zhou Kezhen 1936: Whether the cold winter is the sign of floods, Chinese J. Meteorology, 12, 179-183

[73] Zhen Zizheng, 1937: The floods and droughts of the lower Yangtze Valley and their Precipitation, Memoir of Inst. of Meteor., 7, 7-17(in Chinese).